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스트레스 연구에 사용되는 이론적 관점을 문헌을 통해 분석한 결과, 스트레스의 개념적 정의와 이론적 접근에 대한 보고는 많았으나, 용어의 사용이 아직까지 모호하여 간호현상을 포괄적으로 설명할 수 있는 이론적 기틀로 제시되지 못하였다. 스트레스 연구에서 사용되고 있는 이론적 접근을 생리학적 접근, 정신사회학 접근, 상호교류접근, 생물 , 정신사회적 접근 및 정신신경 면역학적 접근이 제시되고 있다.
간호과학이 인간반응에 촛점을 둔, 전체적 중앙으로서의 간호접근이 요구됨으로 스트레스 과정에도 전체통합의 모형의 개발이 요구되며 이 모형은 현 간호중개의 효과를 제시할 수 있는 이론적 근거를 제시한다.
Theoretical perspectives that have been used in stress research provide important in-formation. Therefore, in this paper, I have reviewed, through the literature, some of the current theries, used in the field of stress research that may have an impact on future nursing studies and nursing practices.
The conceptual definition and theoretial approaches of stress studies are reported from many different perspectives. However, stress is still an ambiguous and controversial term. Currently the lack of a theoretical framework makes it difficult to explain nursing phenomena comprehensively.
The theoretical approaches used iri stress research are as follows
1. Physiological approach which emphasizes adaptational hormone response.
2. Psychosocial approach which emphasizes psychosocial events and personality variables.
3. Transactional approach which emphasizes cognitive appraisal.
4. Biopsychosocial approach which emphasizes integrational perspectives.
5. Psychoneuroimmunological approach which emphasizes recent discoveries in immune function.
The conceptual framework that is synthesized in the transactional model of stress with the psychoneuroimmunological model suggests a comprehensive theoretical frame-work to understand the stress process and stress-disease relationship and also shows the direction of development in scientific nursing knowledge.
Considering that nursing science should have a holistic approach which focuses on human response, an integrated model for the stress process needs to be developed. Comprehensive integration models suggest not only a theoretical framework of stress management but also a theoretical foundation to explain the effectiveness of nursing intervention.
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